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阳痿的发病原因是什么？ | What Causes Erectile Dysfunction (ED)?

Posted on by Afrodisiak Kedai

阳痿（勃起功能障碍，ED）是男性在性活动中无法获得或维持足够勃起的现象，全球约50%的40-70岁男性受其困扰^1。在新加坡，随着人口老龄化和生活方式变化，ED发病率逐年上升。本文以中英双语解析ED的多元发病原因，帮助读者科学理解并预防。
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) refers to the inability to achieve or sustain an erection during sexual activity, affecting 50% of men aged 40-70 globally^1. In Singapore, rising ageing populations and lifestyle shifts are increasing ED rates. This bilingual article explores ED’s multifactorial causes and prevention strategies.

1. 生理原因 | Physical Causes

a. 血管功能障碍 | Vascular Issues

  • 动脉硬化：高血压、高胆固醇导致阴茎血流减少（新加坡心血管疾病患病率高达20%^2）。
    Atherosclerosis: Hypertension and high cholesterol reduce penile blood flow (20% of Singaporeans have cardiovascular disease^2).
  • 糖尿病：长期高血糖损伤血管和神经（新加坡糖尿病患病率全球第二^3）。
    Diabetes: Chronic high blood sugar damages nerves and vessels (Singapore ranks 2nd globally in diabetes rates^3).

b. 荷尔蒙失衡 | Hormonal Imbalance

  • 睾酮不足：40岁后男性睾酮每年下降1%-2%，导致性欲减退。
    Low Testosterone: Testosterone declines 1%-2% annually after age 40, reducing libido.
  • 甲状腺疾病：甲状腺功能亢进或减退均可能干扰勃起信号。
    Thyroid Disorders: Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism disrupts erection signals.

c. 神经损伤 | Nerve Damage

  • 脊髓损伤：交通事故或运动伤害可能阻断勃起神经传导。
    Spinal Injuries: Accidents or sports injuries may block nerve signals.
  • 多发性硬化症：神经系统疾病导致性刺激反应迟钝。
    Multiple Sclerosis: Neurological disorders slow sexual response.

2. 心理原因 | Psychological Causes

a. 慢性压力 | Chronic Stress

  • 职场高压：新加坡男性平均每周工作45.9小时^4，压力抑制性激素分泌。
    Workplace Stress: Singaporean men work 45.9 hours weekly^4, suppressing sex hormones.
  • 经济焦虑：高房价、育儿成本引发持续性心理负担。
    Financial Anxiety: High housing and childcare costs create chronic stress.

b. 情绪障碍 | Emotional Disorders

  • 抑郁症：患者ED风险比常人高2倍，抗抑郁药可能加重症状。
    Depression: Depressed individuals have double the ED risk; antidepressants may worsen symptoms.
  • 创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）：性侵或战争创伤导致性回避行为。
    PTSD: Sexual trauma or combat experiences trigger sexual avoidance.

c. 表现焦虑 | Performance Anxiety

  • 初次性经验压力：年轻男性因缺乏自信引发心理性ED循环。
    First-Time Pressure: Lack of confidence in young men triggers psychological ED.
  • 伴侣期望压力：对“完美表现”的追求反而导致失败恐惧。
    Partner Expectations: Pressure for “perfect performance” breeds fear of failure.

3. 生活方式与习惯 | Lifestyle Factors

a. 吸烟与酗酒 | Smoking & Alcohol

  • 吸烟：每日吸烟20支以上者ED风险增加65%^5。
    Smoking: Smoking >20 cigarettes/day raises ED risk by 65%^5.
  • 酗酒：酒精抑制中枢神经系统，降低勃起硬度。
    Heavy Drinking: Alcohol suppresses the nervous system, reducing erection firmness.

b. 肥胖与缺乏运动 | Obesity & Inactivity

  • 肥胖：新加坡37%男性超重^6，脂肪组织释放炎症因子损害血管。
    Obesity: 37% of Singaporean men are overweight^6; fat cells release inflammatory chemicals.
  • 久坐：每日久坐>8小时者ED风险增加30%。
    Sedentary Lifestyle: Sitting >8 hours/day increases ED risk by 30%.

c. 睡眠障碍 | Sleep Disorders

  • 睡眠呼吸暂停：缺氧导致血管内皮功能障碍，ED风险增加50%。
    Sleep Apnea: Oxygen deprivation damages blood vessels, raising ED risk by 50%.