Mati pucuk

| Causes and Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Key Factors for Malaysian Men

Posted on by Afrodisiak Kedai

引言 | Introduction

阳痿（医学上称为“勃起功能障碍”，简称ED）是许多男性难以启齿的问题，但它其实与整体健康息息相关。根据马来西亚卫生部（KKM）数据，40岁以上男性中，每3人就有1人曾经历不同程度的ED症状。许多患者误以为这只是“老化现象”，却忽略了背后潜藏的健康危机。本文从科学角度解析ED的成因，并提供适合马来西亚男性的预防与改善建议。
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is a common but often unspoken issue affecting men’s health. According to Malaysia’s Ministry of Health (KKM), 1 in 3 men over 40 experience ED symptoms. Many dismiss it as “normal aging,” unaware of its link to broader health risks. This article explains the science behind ED and offers prevention strategies tailored for Malaysian men.

阳痿的5大成因 | 5 Key Causes of ED

1. 心血管疾病：血液循环的隐形杀手 | Cardiovascular Disease: The Silent Killer of Blood Flow

▍常见关联疾病：高血压、高胆固醇、动脉硬化
Associated Conditions: Hypertension, High Cholesterol, Atherosclerosis

  • 关键机制：阴茎勃起依赖充足的血液流动。当血管因“三高”（高血压、高血糖、高血脂）受损时，血流受阻，导致勃起困难。
    Mechanism: Erections require healthy blood flow. Conditions like hypertension and high cholesterol damage blood vessels, restricting circulation to the penis.
  • 本地数据：马来西亚国家心脏中心（IJN）研究指出，65%的ED患者同时患有未妥善控制的心血管疾病。
    Local Data: A study by Malaysia’s National Heart Institute (IJN) found 65% of ED patients have uncontrolled cardiovascular issues.

2. 糖尿病：神经与血管的双重破坏 | Diabetes: Dual Damage to Nerves and Blood Vessels

  • 马来西亚现状：全国约390万成人患糖尿病（2019年NHMS数据），其中男性患者ED风险增加3倍。
    Malaysia’s Reality: About 3.9 million adults have diabetes (2019 NHMS data), with diabetic men facing 3x higher ED risk.
  • 致病原理：长期高血糖会损伤微血管和神经末梢，影响勃起所需的神经信号与血液供应。
    Mechanism: Chronic high blood sugar damages nerves and small blood vessels, disrupting signals and blood flow needed for erections.

3. 荷尔蒙失调：睾酮不足的连锁反应 | Hormonal Imbalance: The Role of Low Testosterone

  • 睾酮（Testosterone）下降：40岁后男性睾酮每年递减1-2%，导致性欲降低与勃起无力。马来西亚男性健康调查显示，30%的ED患者睾酮水平低于正常值。
    Testosterone Decline: Levels drop 1-2% yearly after age 40, reducing libido and erectile strength. 30% of Malaysian ED patients have low testosterone (local health surveys).
  • 甲状腺疾病：甲状腺功能异常（亢进或低下）会间接干扰荷尔蒙平衡。
    Thyroid Disorders: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism disrupt hormonal balance.

4. 心理压力：现代生活的无形负担 | Psychological Stress: The Invisible Burden

  • 常见诱因：工作压力、家庭矛盾、经济焦虑。
    Triggers: Work stress, relationship conflicts, financial worries.
  • 数据支持：2022年一项针对吉隆坡男性的研究发现，45%的ED患者有长期焦虑或抑郁症状。
    Data: A 2022 Kuala Lumpur study found 45% of ED patients had chronic anxiety or depression.

5. 生活习惯：从饮食到烟酒 | Lifestyle Habits: Diet, Smoking & Alcohol

  • 吸烟：尼古丁收缩血管，吸烟者ED风险比非吸烟者高50%（European Urology）。
    Smoking: Nicotine constricts blood vessels. Smokers have 50% higher ED risk.
  • 肥胖：马来西亚成人肥胖率达19.7%（NHMS 2023），肥胖男性ED风险增加3倍。
    Obesity: With 19.7% of Malaysian adults obese, obese men face 3x higher ED risk.
  • 饮食习惯：高糖、高脂饮食加剧炎症，影响血管功能。
    Diet: High sugar and fat intake fuels inflammation, damaging blood vessels.

预防与改善策略 | Prevention & Solutions

医疗治疗 | Medical Treatments

  • PDE5抑制剂（如Viagra、Cialis）：改善血流，70-85%患者有效。
    PDE5 Inhibitors (e.g., Viagra, Cialis): Improve blood flow, effective for 70-85% of cases.
  • 睾酮补充疗法（TRT）：适用于睾酮水平过低的男性。
    Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT): For men with clinically low levels.

生活方式调整 | Lifestyle Changes

  • 运动：每周150分钟快走或游泳，促进血液循环。
    Exercise: 150 mins/week of brisk walking or swimming boosts circulation.
  • 饮食：采用“地中海饮食”，多摄取鱼类、坚果、橄榄油。
    Diet: Mediterranean diet rich in fish, nuts, and olive oil.
  • 减压：尝试瑜伽、冥想或心理咨询。
    Stress Management: Yoga, meditation, or counselling.

何时该求医？ | When to See a Doctor?

若ED症状持续超过3个月，或伴随胸痛、疲劳等，请立即咨询泌尿科医生。
Consult a urologist if ED persists for over 3 months or is accompanied by chest pain or fatigue.